• Salient features of Indus Valley Civilization and Vedic age
• Emergence of Buddhism and Jainism
• Mauryan Empire and Gupta Empire: Their administration, Socio-Economic and Religious Conditions, Art and Architecture, Literature
• Harshavardhana and his Achievements.

• The Chola Administrative System
• Delhi Sultanate and The Mughal Empire: Their Administration, Socio-Economic and Religious Conditions, Art and Architecture, Language and Literature
• Bhakti and Sufi Movements
• Shivaji and the rise of Maratha Empire
• Advent of Europeans.

• 1857 Revolt and its Impact
• Rise and Consolidation of British Power in India
• Changes in Administration, Social, and Cultural Spheres
• Social and Religious Reform Movements in the 19th and 20th Century
• Indian National Movement: it’s various stages and important contributors and contributions from different parts of the country
• Post Independence Consolidation and Reorganization within the country.

1.Pre-Historical Cultures – Satavahanas, Ishwaks – Socio-Economic and Religious Conditions – Literature, Art and Architecture – Vishnu Kundinas, Vengi Eastern Chalukyas, Telugu Cholas – Society, Religion, Telugu Language, Literature, Art and Architecture.

2.Various major and minor dynasties ruled in Andhra Pradesh between the 11th and 16th centuries AD. Socio – Religious and Economic Conditions, Growth of Telugu Language and Literature, Art and Architecture in Andhradesa between 11th to 16th centuries A.D.

3.The advent of Europeans- Trade centres- Andhra under the Company– 1857 Revolt and its impact on Andhra- Establishment of British Rule Socio Cultural awakening, Justice Party/Self Respect Movements- Growth of Nationalist Movement in Andhra between 1885 to 1947– Role of Socialists– Communists– Anti- Zamindari and Kisan Movements. Growth of Nationalist Poetry, Revolutionary Literature, Nataka Samasthalu, and Women Participation.

4.Origin and growth of Andhra Movement- Role of Andhra Mahasabhas- Prominent Leaders- Events leading to the formation of Andhra State 1953. Role of Press and News Papers in the Andhra Movement. Role of Library Movement and Folk & Tribal Culture.

5.Events leading to the formation of Andhra Pradesh State – Visalandhra Mahasabha – States Reorganization Commission and Its Recommendations – Gentlemen Agreement-Important Social and Cultural Events between 1956 and 2014.

1. Nature of the Indian Constitution – Constitutional Development – Salient features of Indian Constitution – Preamble – Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy and their relationship – Fundamental Duties, Distinctive features – Unitary and Federal.

2. Structure and Functions of the Government of India – Types of Legislature, Executive and Judiciary – Unicameral, Bicameral – Executive – Parliamentary, Judicial Judicial Review, Legal Activities.

3. Distribution of legislative and executive powers between the center and the states; Legislative, Administrative and Economic Relations between the Center and the States – Powers and Functions of Constitutional Institutions – UPSC, State Public Service Commissions, CAG and Finance Commission.

4. Center-State Relations-Need for Reforms- Rajmannar Committee, Sarkaria Commission, MM Panchi Commission- Unitary and Federal features of Indian Constitution – Indian Political Parties – Party System in India – Recognition of National and State Parties – Elections and Electoral Reforms – Anti-Defection Law

5. Centralization Vs Decentralization – Community Development Programme – Balwant Rai Mehta, Ashok Mehta Committees – 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts and their Implementation.

1. Structure of Indian Economy, Economic Planning and Policy:
National Income of India: Concept and Measurement of National Income – Occupational Pattern and Sectoral Distribution of Income in India – Economic Growth and Economic Development – Strategy of Planning in India – New Economic Reforms 1991 – Decentralization of Financial Resources – NITI Aayog.

2. Money, Banking, Public Finance and Foreign Trade:
Functions and Measures of Money Supply – Reserve Bank of India (RBI): Functions, Monetary Policy and Control of Credit – Indian Banking: Structure, Development and Reforms – Inflation: Causes and Remedies – India’s Fiscal Policy: Fiscal Imbalance, Deficit Finance and Fiscal Responsibility – Indian Tax Structure – Goods and Services Tax (GST) – Recent Indian Budget – India’s Balance of Payments (BOP) – FDI.

3. Agricultural Sector, Industrial Sector and Services in Indian Economy:
Indian Agriculture: Cropping Pattern, Agricultural Production and Productivity – Agricultural Finance and Marketing in India: Issues and Initiatives – Agricultural Pricing and Policy in India: MSP, Procurement, Issue Price and Distribution – Industrial Development in India: Patterns and Problems – New Industrial Policy, 1991 – Disinvestment – Ease of Doing Business – Industrial Sickness: Causes, Consequences and Remedial Measures – Services Sector: Growth and Contribution of Services Sector in India – Role of IT and ITES Industry in Development.

4. Structure of Andhra Pradesh Economy and Public Finance:
Structure and Growth of AP Economy: Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) and Sectoral Contribution, AP Per Capita Income (PCI) – AP State Revenue: Tax and Non-Tax Revenue – AP State Expenditure, Debts and Interest Payments – Central Assistance – Projects of External Assistance – Recent AP Budget.

5. Agriculture and Allied Sector, Industrial Sector and Services Sector of Andhra Pradesh:
Production Trends of Agriculture and Allied Sectors – Cropping Pattern – Rural Credit Cooperatives – Agricultural Marketing – Strategies, Schemes and Programmes related to Agricultural Sector and Allied Sectors in Andhra Pradesh Including Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries, and Forests – Growth and Structure of Industries – Recent AP Industrial Development Policy – Single Window Mechanism – Industrial Incentives – MSMEs – Industrial Corridors – Structure and Growth of Services Sector – Information Technology, Electronics and Communications in Andhra Pradesh – Recent AP IT Policy.

3. Ecosystem and Biodiversity:
Ecology and Ecosystem: Basic concepts of Ecology, Ecosystem: Components and Types – Biodiversity: Meaning, Components, Biodiversity Hotspots, Loss of Biodiversity and Conservation of Biodiversity: Methods, Recent Plans, Targets, Convention and Protocols – Wildlife Conservation: CITES and Endangered Species with reference to India – Biosphere Reserves – Indian Wildlife Conservation efforts, projects, acts and initiatives in recent times.

4. Waste Management and Pollution Control:
Solid Waste: Solid Wastes and their Classification – Methods of Disposal and Management of Solid Wastes in India – Environmental Pollution: Types of Environmental Pollution – Sources and Impacts – Pollution Control, Regulation and Alternatives: Recent projects, acts and initiatives to reduce Environmental Pollution in India – Impact of Transgenics on Environment and their Regulation – Eco-Friendly Technologies in Agriculture – Bioremediation: Types and Scope in India.

5. Environment and Health:
Environment Challenges: Global Warming, Climate Change, Acid Rain, Ozone Layer Depletion, Ocean Acidification – Environmental Initiatives: Recent International Initiatives, Protocols, Conventions to tackle Climate Change with special reference to India’s Participation and Role – Sustainable Development: Meaning, Nature, Scope, Components and Goals of Sustainable Development – Health Issues: Recent Trends in Disease Burden and Epidemic and Pandemic Challenges in India – Preparedness and Response: Healthcare Delivery and Outcomes in India – Recent Public Health Initiatives and Programmes.